Homestake has history with the neutrino, offering up the first signs of this particle’s shifty nature. Because of their special ability to transform from one type into another, they may reveal fundamental differences between matter and antimatter. Neutrinos could be key to answering that question. “How did we get from a universe that was equal amounts of matter and antimatter to a universe where there’s a bit of matter left over?” asks neutrino physicist Deborah Harris of Fermilab. But the observable universe with its galaxies, stars, and planets is made of matter, so clearly, not all of it was annihilated. The experiment will focus on a profound question: what is the origin of matter? In the early universe, matter and antimatter should have formed in equal amounts and then annihilated each other to leave only radiation. DUNE will start running in 2026, studying an intense beam of neutrinos coming from Fermilab, near Batavia, IL, about 1,300 kilometers away. The new caverns will house the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), the world’s largest such detector. The world’s largest such detector, DUNE will start running in 2026. New caverns being excavated inside the defunct Homestake Gold Mine in Lead, SD, will house DUNE.
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